Nalanda University is one of the oldest and most famous learning centers in the world. It is located in the state of Bihar, India. This was a place where students and teachers from all over the world came to share knowledge and ideas. This ancient university is not just a part of India’s rich history but a symbol of curiosity, learning, and culture.
Let’s start with the story of Nalanda University and learn why it is so important even today!
The Origin of Nalanda University
Nalanda University was founded in the 5th century CE during the Gupta Empire. However, some scholars are of the opinion that Nalanda University may have existed even before that. It was situated close to Rajgir in Bihar, which is a place famous for its historical significance.
The name “Nalanda” comes from two Sanskrit words: “Na” (no) and “Alam” (end), which together mean “no end to knowledge.” This shows that the university was all about endless learning and curiosity.
Why Was Nalanda Special?
Nalanda was not like the schools or colleges we see today. It was a world-famous university that taught a wide range of subjects, including:
- Philosophy
- Buddhism
- Mathematics
- Medicine
- Astronomy
- Literature
Students and teachers came here from many countries, such as China, Japan, Korea, Tibet, and even Greece! Two famous Chinese travelers, Xuanzang and Yijing, studied here and wrote about how marvelous Nalanda was. They said that the place was well-organized and brilliant teachers.
Life at Nalanda University
Nalanda was more or less like a mini-city. There were large classrooms, lecture halls, temples, gardens, and even hostels for students. In fact, it had space for over 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers all at the same time!
Teaching there was different, too. Here, students didn’t sit just to listen to lectures but instead were encouraged to debate, question, and discuss ideas. Learning became fun and engaging that way.
Why Nalanda is Important
Nalanda University teaches us:
- Knowledge has no limits: People from different parts of the world came here to learn and share ideas.
- Curiosity is key: Asking questions and debating ideas led to new discoveries.
- Protect what matters: The loss of Nalanda’s libraries reminds us to preserve knowledge for future generations.
The Great Libraries of Nalanda
Nalanda’s libraries were the best thing in Nalanda. They were named Dharmaganja and consisted of three grand buildings:
- Ratnasagara (Ocean of Jewels)
- Ratnadadhi (Sea of Jewels)
- Ratnaranjaka (Delight of Jewels)
These libraries contained hundreds of thousands of books and manuscripts on subjects ranging from science to religion to philosophy. Some were written on palm leaves. Students came to Nalanda from all over the world to read these precious works.
What Are the Nalanda Ruins?
The Nalanda Ruins are the remains of Nalanda University, a very old school that existed from the 5th to the 12th century.
These ruins include parts of classrooms, student hostels, temples, and libraries. The area is big and shows how carefully the university was built to fit thousands of students and teachers. It gives us a picture of how amazing and advanced this place was long ago.
The Destruction of Nalanda
Sadly, the glorious journey of Nalanda came to an end in the 12th century CE when it was attacked by Bakhtiyar Khilji, a Turkish invader. He burnt down the libraries, destroying thousands of valuable books. That marked the decline of one of the greatest universities in the world.
Today, the relics of Nalanda are the World Heritage Site of UNESCO, where you see vestiges of classrooms and hostels, temples here. You remember how magical it all once was.
Re-birth of Nalanda
Nowadays, this land once again sees the establishment of a modern Nalanda University in 2014 near the site. That new university would carry out the spirit of learning and acquiring knowledge that the ancient one stands for. Now, people go here in different countries and have to get courses in several subjects.
How to Reach Nalanda
To visit Nalanda if interested, you can get it:
- By Air: The nearest airport is Patna Airport, which is about 80 km away. From there, you can hire a taxi or take a bus.
- By Train: The nearest railway station is Rajgir, just 12 km from Nalanda. Another option is the Bihar Sharif station, 30 km away.
- By Road: Nalanda is well connected by road to cities like Patna, Gaya, and Rajgir.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Nalanda is between October and March. The weather during this period is cool and pleasant, ideal to roam around the ruins.
Nearby Attractions
Some of the places worth visiting while visiting Nalanda are:
1. Rajgir (12 km): A famous place for hot springs, ropeway ride to the Vishwa Shanti Stupa, and ancient caves.
2. Pawapuri (22 km): A sacred site for Jains, as Nirvana was attained by Lord Mahavira here.
3. Bodh Gaya (80 km): It is said to be the place where Gautama Buddha achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
4. Barabar Caves (95 km): Ancient rock-cut caves from the Mauryan Empire.
Where to Stay
Here are some great options to stay near Nalanda:
- Nalanda Residency
- A comfortable place with good facilities.
- Website: nalandaresidency.in
- Hotel Mamta International (Rajgir)
- Close to major attractions.
- Website: hotelmamtaint.com
- The Nalanda Retreat
- Peaceful and modern accommodation.
- Website: thenalandaretreat.com
Best Spots for Photos
1. Nalanda Ruins: The ancient architecture is perfect for photos.
2. Hiuen Tsang Memorial Hall: Ornate edifice to remember Chinese traveler Xuanzang.
3. Nalanda Archaeological Museum: Exhibits archeological items and sculptures
Great Cafes Nearby
Take some breaks after all these excursions to the following nearby destinations which also offer a wide variety of scrumptious dishes:
1. Nalanda Bhojanalaya: Bihari thali.
2. Gautam Buddha Cafe (Rajgir): Cozy cup and snacks of tea, coffee.
3. Bodh Café (Rajgir): Unwind yourself by taking coffee and light bites.
Book Your Tour Here
To make your trip easier, you can book tickets and hotels through these websites:
Conclusion
Nalanda University is much more than just an ancient site. It reminds people of how powerful knowledge is, keeping the individual curious, valuing learning, and protecting the treasures of their history.
Whether it is history, a rich past, or an educational tour, one should make sure to pay a visit to Nalanda. Packing your bags would surely set the ball rolling toward a beautiful ride into the realm of India’s glorious past!